Pascal's law also known as Pascal's principle, it states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined fluid
is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid. The Pascal's Law Formula is:
ΔP = ρgΔh
Where:
ΔP: The hydrostatic pressure, or the difference in pressure at two points within a fluid column, due to the weight of the fluid
ρ: The fluid density;
g: Acceleration due to gravity, the standard gravity of Earth is 9.80665m/s2
Δh: The height of fluid above the point of measurement, or the difference in elevation between the two points within the fluid column
Pascal's law has been widely applied for hydropower construction, car brake system etc.
liquids Density Table
|
Liquid Name |
Temp |
kg/m3 |
| 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane |
25 °C |
1564.00 |
| 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene |
20 °C |
1454.00 |
| 1,4-Dioxane |
20 °C |
1033.60 |
| 2-Methoxyethanol |
20 °C |
964.60 |
| Acetic Acid
|
25 °C |
1049.10 |
| Acetone |
25 °C |
784.58 |
| Acetonitrile |
20 °C |
782.20 |
| Alcohol, ethyl |
25 °C |
785.06 |
| Alcohol,
methyl |
25 °C |
786.51 |
| Alcohol, propyl |
25 °C |
799.96 |
| Ammonia
(aqua) |
25 °C |
823.35 |
| Analine |
25 °C |
1018.93 |
| Automobile
oils |
15 °C |
880 -
940 |
| Beer (varies) |
10 °C |
1010 |
| Benzene |
25 °C |
873.81 |
| Benzil |
25 °C |
1079.64 |
| Brine |
15 °C |
1230 |
| Bromine |
25 °C |
3120.40 |
| Butyric
Acid |
20 °C |
959 |
| Butane |
25 °C |
599.09 |
| n-Butyl
Acetate |
20 °C |
879.60 |
| n-Butyl Alcohol |
20 °C |
809.70 |
| n-Butyl Chloride |
20 °C |
886.20 |
| Caproic
acid |
25 °C |
921.06 |
| Carbolic acid |
15 °C |
956.30 |
| Carbon
disulfide |
25 °C |
1260.97 |
| Carbon
tetrachloride |
25 °C |
1584.39 |
| Carene |
25 °C |
856.99 |
| Castor oil |
25 °C |
956.14 |
| Chloride |
25 °C |
1559.88 |
| Chlorobenzene |
20 °C |
1105.80 |
| Chloroform |
20 °C |
1489.20 |
| Chloroform |
25 °C |
1464.73 |
| Citric
acid |
25 °C |
1659.51 |
| Coconut oil |
15 °C |
924.27 |
| Cotton seed
oil |
15 °C |
925.87 |
| Cresol |
25 °C |
1023.58 |
| Creosote |
15 °C |
1066.83 |
| Crude oil, 48° API |
15.56 °C |
790 |
| Crude oil,
40° API |
15.56 °C |
825 |
| Crude oil, 35.6°
API |
15.56 °C |
847 |
| Crude oil,
32.6° API |
15.56 °C |
862 |
| Crude oil,
California |
15.56 °C |
915 |
| Crude oil,
Mexican |
15.56 °C |
973 |
| Crude oil, Texas |
15.56 °C |
873 |
| Cumene |
25 °C |
860.19 |
| Cyclohexane |
20 °C |
778.50 |
| Cyclopentane |
20 °C |
745.40 |
| Decane |
25 °C |
726.28 |
| Diesel fuel
oil 20 to 60 |
15 °C |
820 -
950 |
| Diethyl ether |
20 °C |
714 |
| o-Dichlorobenzene |
20 °C |
1305.80 |
| Dichloromethane |
20 °C |
1326.00 |
| Diethylene
glycol |
15 °C |
1120 |
| Dichloromethane |
20 °C |
1326.00 |
| Dimethyl Acetamide |
20 °C |
941.50 |
| N,N-Dimethylformamide |
20 °C |
948.70 |
| Dimethyl Sulfoxide |
20 °C |
1100.40 |
| Dodecane |
25 °C |
754.63 |
| Ethane |
-89 °C |
570.26 |
| Ether |
25 °C |
72.72 |
| Ethylamine |
16 °C |
680.78 |
| Ethyl Acetate |
20 °C |
900.60 |
| Ethyl Alcohol |
20 °C |
789.20 |
| Ethyl Ether |
20 °C |
713.30 |
| Ethylene Dichloride |
20 °C |
1253.00 |
| Ethylene
glycol |
25 °C |
1096.78 |
| Fluorine refrigerant
R-12 |
25 °C |
1310.95 |
| Formaldehyde |
45 °C |
812.14 |
| Formic acid 10%
concentration |
20 °C |
1025 |
| Formic acid
80% concentration |
20 °C |
1221 |
| Freon - 11 |
21 °C |
1490 |
| Freon -
21 |
21 °C |
1370 |
| Fuel oil |
15.56 °C |
890.13 |
| Furan |
25 °C |
1416.03 |
| Furforol |
25 °C |
1154.93 |
| Gasoline,
natural |
15.56 °C |
711.22 |
| Gasoline, Vehicle |
15.56 °C |
737.22 |
| Gas
oils |
15.56 °C |
890 |
| Glucose |
15.56 °C |
1350 -
1440 |
| Glycerin |
25 °C |
1259.37 |
| Glyme |
20 °C |
869.10 |
| Glycerol |
25 °C |
1126.10 |
| Heptane |
25 °C |
679.50 |
| Hexane |
25 °C |
654.83 |
| Hexanol |
25 °C |
810.53 |
| Hexene |
25 °C |
671.17 |
| Hydrazine |
25 °C |
794.52 |
| Iodine |
25 °C |
4927.28 |
| Ionene |
25 °C |
932.27 |
| Isobutyl Alcohol |
20 °C |
801.60 |
| Iso-Octane |
20 °C |
691.90 |
| Isopropyl Alcohol |
20 °C |
785.40 |
| Isopropyl
Myristate |
20 °C |
853.20 |
| Kerosene |
15.56 °C |
817.15 |
| Linolenic
Acid |
25 °C |
898.64 |
| Linseed oil |
25 °C |
929.07 |
| Methane |
-164 °C |
464.54 |
| Methanol |
20 °C |
791.30 |
| Methyl Isoamyl
Ketone |
20 °C |
888.00 |
| Methyl Isobutyl Ketone |
20 °C |
800.80 |
| Methyl n-Propyl
Ketone |
20 °C |
808.20 |
| Methyl t-Butyl Ether |
20 °C |
740.50 |
| N-Methylpyrrolidone |
20 °C |
1030.40 |
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) |
20 °C |
804.90 |
| MEK |
25 °C |
802.52 |
| Milk |
15 °C |
1020 -
1050 |
| Naphtha |
15 °C |
664.77 |
| Naphtha,
wood |
25 °C |
959.51 |
| Napthalene |
25 °C |
820.15 |
| Ocimene |
25 °C |
797.72 |
| Octane |
15 °C |
917.86 |
| Olive
oil |
20 °C |
800 -
920 |
| Oxygen (liquid) |
-183
C |
1140 |
| Palmitic
Acid |
25 °C |
850.58 |
| Pentane |
20 °C |
626.20 |
| Pentane |
25 °C |
624.82 |
| Petroleum Ether |
20 °C |
640.00 |
| Petrol,
natural |
15.56 °C |
711.22 |
| Petrol, Vehicle |
15.56 °C |
737.22 |
| Phenol |
25 °C |
1072.28 |
| Phosgene |
0 °C |
1377.59 |
| Phytadiene |
25 °C |
823.35 |
| Pinene |
25 °C |
856.99 |
| Propane |
-40 °C |
583.07 |
| Propane, R-290 |
25 °C |
493.53 |
| Propanol |
25 °C |
804.13 |
| Propylene Carbonate |
20 °C |
1200.60 |
| Propylene |
25 °C |
514.35 |
| n-Propyl Alcohol |
20 °C |
803.70 |
| Propylene
glycol |
25 °C |
965.27 |
| Pyridine |
25 °C |
978.73 |
| Pyrrole |
25 °C |
965.91 |
| Rape seed oil |
20 °C |
920 |
| Resorcinol |
25 °C |
1268.66 |
| Rosin oil |
15 °C |
980 |
| Sabiname |
25 °C |
812.14 |
| Sea water |
25 °C |
1025.18 |
| Silane |
25 °C |
717.63 |
| Sodium Hydroxide (caustic
soda) |
15 °C |
1250 |
| Sorbaldehyde |
25 °C |
895.43 |
| Soya bean oil |
15 °C |
924 -
928 |
| Stearic
Acid |
25 °C |
890.63 |
| Sulphuric Acid 95%
conc. |
20 °C |
1839 |
| Sugar
solution 68 brix |
15 °C |
1338 |
| Sunflower oil |
20 °C |
920 |
| Styrene |
25 °C |
903.44 |
| Terpinene |
25 °C |
847.38 |
| Tetrahydrofuran |
20 °C |
888.00 |
| Toluene |
20 °C |
866.90 |
| Toluene |
25 °C |
862.27 |
| Triethylamine |
20 °C |
727.60 |
| Trifluoroacetic Acid |
20 °C |
1489.00 |
| Turpentine |
25 °C |
868.20 |
| Water, pure (more
temperatures) |
4
°C |
1000.00 |
| Water, sea |
25 °C |
1021.98 |
| Whale oil |
15 °C |
925 |
| o-Xylene |
20 °C |
880.20 |
